Smart Contracts
Intermediate
Updated 11/26/2025
What is
eUTXO 模型?
扩展未花费交易输出——Ergo 的可编程 UTXO 模型，将比特币级安全性与智能合约能力结合在一起。
eUTXO（Extended Unspent Transaction Output）是 Ergo 的状态模型，在比特币简单的 UTXO 设计之上扩展出可编程的"盒子"，其中可以包含数据、代币和智能合约逻辑。与基于账户的模型不同，eUTXO 交易消耗特定的输出并创建新的输出，从而实现并行处理、确定性执行，并在设计上消除重入攻击。
Key Points
- 每个"盒子"都可以同时承载 ERG、代币以及寄存器 R0–R9 中的任意数据
- 交易原子性地消耗旧盒子并创建新盒子
- 没有共享全局状态，天然支持并行验证
- 通过设计消除重入攻击
- 执行结果可预测——在提交前即可知道具体行为和费用
- 原生多资产支持，无需包装合约
Use Cases
1
基于原子交换的 DEX，无前置抢跑
2
具有复杂花费条件的多重签名钱包
3
执行可预测的时间锁合约
4
隐私友好的 DeFi 应用
Technical Details
Ergo 盒子拥有 R0–R9 共 10 个寄存器：R0 存放金额，R1 为保护脚本（ErgoScript），R2 记录代币，R3 存储创建信息，R4–R9 可用于任意数据。脚本可以访问盒子内容、区块高度等上下文信息，并通过 Sigma 协议执行密码学操作。
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Frequently Asked Questions
Questions about eUTXO 模型
Common questions about this topic
How is Ergo different from Bitcoin?
Ergo extends Bitcoin's model with smart contracts. Both use PoW and UTXO, but Ergo adds: eUTXO for programmable boxes, ErgoScript for smart contracts, Sigma Protocols for privacy, storage rent for sustainability, and NiPoPoWs for light clients. Think of Ergo as 'Bitcoin with smart contracts done right.'
Comparison
Technology
Is Ergo a good investment?
This is not financial advice. Ergo has strong fundamentals: fair launch (no VC dump risk), innovative technology (eUTXO, Sigma Protocols, NiPoPoWs), active development, and a cypherpunk ethos. It's a smaller market cap project with higher risk/reward than established chains. Research thoroughly, understand the technology, and never invest more than you can afford to lose.
Comparison
Getting Started
What's the difference between Ergo and Cardano?
Both use eUTXO, but differ in consensus and philosophy. Ergo: PoW (Autolykos), fair launch, no VC funding, storage rent. Cardano: PoS (Ouroboros), VC-funded, larger ecosystem. Ergo prioritizes decentralization and sustainability; Cardano prioritizes academic rigor and institutional adoption.
Comparison
Technology
How to build DeFi on Ergo?
Building DeFi on Ergo starts with understanding the eUTXO model and ErgoScript. Unlike account-based chains, Ergo's box model provides deterministic execution, no MEV by design, and predictable gas costs. Use Oracle Pools for price feeds, and leverage existing patterns from Spectrum Finance and SigmaUSD.
How-to
DeFi