ERGO
Time Locks & Access Control
Intermediate
1 hour

Sigma OR Access Control (Either-Or Spend)

Spend if key A OR key B or external condition is satisfied

問題

You need flexible access control where multiple conditions can authorize spending, without revealing which condition was satisfied.

解決方案

Sigma Protocol OR compositions allow proving disjunctions (A OR B OR C) without revealing which branch is satisfied. This enables privacy-preserving access control.

運作方式

  1. 1Define multiple valid spending conditions (A, B, C...)
  2. 2Combine with || (OR) operator in ErgoScript
  3. 3Prover satisfies one condition but proof doesn't reveal which
  4. 4Verifier confirms one condition is met without learning which
  5. 5Zero-knowledge property preserved - no information leakage

程式碼範例

{
  // Any of three authorities can spend
  // Observer cannot tell which one signed
  
  val authority1 = PK("9f...")
  val authority2 = PK("9g...")  
  val authority3 = PK("9h...")
  
  // OR composition - ZK proof reveals nothing about signer
  proveDlog(authority1) || proveDlog(authority2) || proveDlog(authority3)
}

Three authorities can spend, but the signature doesn't reveal which one. Native Sigma Protocol feature, not a hash-based trick.

使用案例

  • Anonymous voting systems
  • Whistleblower protection
  • Multi-authority access control
  • Recovery mechanisms with timeout
  • Confidential transactions
  • Privacy-preserving authentication

安全注意事項

  • !OR proofs are computationally sound, not information-theoretic
  • !Ring size affects privacy level (larger = more privacy)
  • !Consider timing attacks in implementation
  • !Avoid reusing keys across different rings

實際應用案例

ErgoMixer

Non-interactive mixing using Sigma protocols

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